Important: A certified translation certifies the translation. It does not, unless expressly agreed otherwise, authenticate the underlying source document.

Version 12.5
Effective date: 10 August 2026

This Document Authenticity Disclaimer applies to translation and related language services supplied by Korwen Ltd, trading as Korwen, including services offered through the Luciana Paquet website.

Its purpose is to explain the important distinction between:

• translating or certifying a translation; and
• authenticating, validating or verifying the underlying source document.

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1. WHO WE ARE

Korwen Ltd, trading as Korwen, is registered in England and Wales under company number 09038909.

Registered office:
124 City Road
London
Greater London
England
EC1V 2NX
United Kingdom

Email: contact@korwen.uk

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2. WHAT OUR TRANSLATION CERTIFICATION MEANS

Where Korwen provides a certified translation, our certification relates to the translation itself.

Unless expressly stated otherwise, certification means that the translation has been prepared as a translation of the source material supplied to us and is certified in accordance with the form of certification agreed for the particular service.

A certified translation does not, by itself, certify or prove that the underlying source document is genuine, legally valid or factually accurate.

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3. WHAT OUR TRANSLATION CERTIFICATION DOES NOT MEAN

Unless Korwen has expressly agreed in writing to provide a separate verification or authentication service, neither translation nor certification of a translation constitutes:

• authentication of the source document;
• forensic examination of the document;
• confirmation that the document was genuinely issued by the person or organisation shown on it;
• confirmation that a signature is genuine;
• confirmation that a stamp, seal, watermark, QR code, reference number or other feature is genuine;
• confirmation that the document has not been altered, manipulated or forged;
• confirmation that the document remains legally valid or in force;
• confirmation that information contained in the document is factually true;
• confirmation that a copy is an authentic copy of an original;
• confirmation of the identity, authority or legal capacity of any person named in the document; or
• legal advice concerning the validity or effect of the document.

Our role is ordinarily limited to translating the material presented to us.

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4. SOURCE DOCUMENTS ARE PROVIDED BY THE CLIENT

Korwen normally works from documents, scans, photographs, electronic files or other source material supplied by the client or by a person acting on the client's behalf.

Unless separately agreed, Korwen is entitled to treat the material presented to us as the material the client wishes us to translate.

We do not routinely investigate the provenance or chain of custody of source documents.

The client is responsible for ensuring that:

• the correct document has been supplied;
• the document is complete;
• the document is sufficiently legible;
• the client is entitled to provide it to us; and
• the document is suitable for the client's intended purpose.

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5. COPIES, SCANS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

A significant proportion of translation work is carried out from:

• scans;
• photographs;
• PDFs;
• electronic copies; or
• other reproductions of documents.

Unless expressly agreed otherwise, Korwen may not have seen or handled the physical original.

A translation prepared from a scan or copy does not establish that:

• the scan corresponds exactly to an original document;
• the physical original exists;
• the original is genuine;
• the copy is complete;
• the copy has not been edited; or
• any visible security feature is authentic.

Where the distinction is relevant, the translation or certification may identify that the source material provided was a copy, scan, photograph or electronic file.

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6. SIGNATURES, STAMPS, SEALS AND SECURITY FEATURES

Documents may contain apparent:

• signatures;
• official stamps;
• seals;
• embossed marks;
• watermarks;
• holograms;
• QR codes;
• barcodes;
• serial numbers;
• registration numbers; or
• other security or authentication features.

Unless Korwen expressly agrees in writing to verify a particular feature, we do not represent that any such feature is genuine merely because it appears in the source material or is described in the translation.

Where appropriate, a translation may describe what is visibly present on the source material, for example:

• “[signature]”;
• “[stamp]”;
• “[seal]”;
• “[illegible]”; or
• similar descriptive wording.

Such descriptions do not constitute authentication.

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7. ALTERED, FALSE OR FORGED DOCUMENTS

Korwen does not knowingly assist in fraud or unlawful activity.

However, translation work does not ordinarily involve forensic document examination.

It is therefore possible for a document later alleged or determined to be:

• forged;
• altered;
• falsified;
• invalid;
• fraudulently obtained; or
• factually inaccurate

to have been translated without the defect being apparent to Korwen at the time.

The subsequent discovery that a source document was false, forged, altered, invalid or inaccurate does not, by itself, mean that the translation was inaccurate or that Korwen failed to provide the contracted translation service with reasonable care and skill.

This does not exclude responsibility for any separate wrongdoing or breach by Korwen itself.

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8. OBVIOUS OR SUSPICIOUS IRREGULARITIES

If something in a source document appears obviously inconsistent, incomplete, illegible or unusual in a way that materially affects our ability to translate it, we may:

• ask the client for clarification;
• request a clearer or more complete copy;
• describe uncertainty in the translation;
• decline to translate a particular element;
• suspend the work; or
• refuse the assignment where appropriate.

Korwen is not, however, obliged to conduct a forensic investigation merely because a document contains a feature that could theoretically be checked.

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9. VERIFICATION SERVICES

If a client requires independent verification of:

• whether a document is genuine;
• whether it was issued by a particular authority;
• whether a signature or seal is genuine;
• whether an original corresponds to a copy;
• whether a document remains valid;
• whether an apostille or notarisation is authentic; or
• another matter concerning provenance or authenticity,

the client should obtain appropriate verification from the issuing authority, a notary, solicitor, document examiner, public authority or other suitably qualified professional.

Korwen provides such verification only where it has been expressly agreed in writing as a separate service and the scope of that verification has been clearly defined.

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10. NOTARISATION AND APOSTILLES

Notarisation, certification and apostille procedures serve different purposes.

A translation being:

• certified;
• notarised; or
• accompanied by an apostille

does not necessarily establish the truth of every fact contained in the underlying source document.

An apostille generally authenticates the origin of a relevant public document or official act in accordance with the applicable apostille process; it is not, by itself, a guarantee of the truth of the substantive contents of the document.

Clients should confirm with the receiving organisation exactly what formalities are required.

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11. RECEIVING ORGANISATIONS

Government departments, courts, universities, banks, professional bodies, employers and other public or private organisations may have their own rules concerning:

• certified translations;
• originals;
• copies;
• notarisation;
• apostilles;
• signatures;
• stamps;
• formatting;
• translator credentials; or
• other formalities.

Korwen does not control those requirements or the decisions made by receiving organisations.

Unless expressly agreed otherwise, we do not guarantee that a particular organisation will accept a translation or the underlying source document.

Clients should confirm any organisation-specific requirements before ordering.

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12. TRANSLATION ACCURACY REMAINS OUR RESPONSIBILITY

This Disclaimer does not mean that Korwen has no responsibility for the quality of its own translation service.

Korwen remains responsible for providing the agreed translation or language service with reasonable care and skill.

If a client believes that a translation does not accurately reflect the source material supplied to Korwen, the matter may be raised under our Complaints Procedure.

The purpose of this Disclaimer is to distinguish translation accuracy from source-document authenticity.

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13. CLIENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SOURCE MATERIAL

The client is responsible for the source material supplied to Korwen and for ensuring, where relevant, that the client:

• has lawful authority to possess and provide it;
• has not knowingly supplied a false or misleading document;
• has provided the complete version intended for translation;
• has disclosed any known issue that materially affects the translation request; and
• uses the completed translation lawfully.

Nothing in this clause transfers responsibility to a client for matters the client could not reasonably know.

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14. THIRD-PARTY INFORMATION

Documents frequently contain information concerning people other than the person who orders the translation.

Korwen does not independently verify the truth of those third-party details merely because they are translated.

Names, dates, addresses, family relationships, employment details, qualifications and other factual statements are ordinarily translated as they appear in the source material.

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15. NAMES, DATES AND TRANSLITERATION

Names and other identifying information can appear differently across:

• languages;
• alphabets;
• previous translations;
• passports;
• identity records; and
• official systems.

Where no agreed or authoritative spelling has been supplied, Korwen may use an appropriate transliteration or rendering based on the source material.

If a particular spelling must match an existing passport, visa, certificate or other official record, the client should tell us and provide the relevant evidence before the translation is finalised.

A difference in transliteration does not necessarily indicate that the source document is false or that the translation is inaccurate.

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16. ILLEGIBLE OR UNCLEAR MATERIAL

Where text, handwriting, stamps or other content is not reasonably legible, Korwen may indicate this in the translation using wording such as:

• “[illegible]”;
• “[unclear]”;
• “[partially illegible]”; or
• another appropriate notation.

We will not knowingly invent unreadable content.

Where clarification is needed, we may ask the client to provide a clearer version.

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17. NO LEGAL OR FORENSIC OPINION

Unless separately agreed with an appropriately qualified professional, Korwen does not provide:

• legal advice;
• forensic document examination;
• handwriting analysis;
• fraud investigation;
• identity verification;
• legal opinions on the validity of documents; or
• expert evidence concerning document authenticity.

A translation should not be treated as such an opinion.

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18. LIABILITY

Nothing in this Disclaimer excludes or restricts liability where doing so would be unlawful.

In particular, nothing excludes or restricts liability for:

• death or personal injury caused by negligence;
• fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; or
• another liability that cannot lawfully be excluded or restricted.

Subject to applicable law and the relevant Terms & Conditions, Korwen is not responsible merely because it translated a source document for losses arising solely from:

• the source document being forged, false, altered or invalid;
• factual inaccuracies already contained in the source material;
• fraudulent conduct by a client or third party;
• a receiving organisation rejecting the underlying document; or
• a security feature, signature, stamp or seal later being found not to be genuine,

where Korwen did not undertake responsibility for verifying that matter.

This clause does not remove Korwen's responsibility for its own negligent or wrongful acts.

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19. CONSUMER RIGHTS

Nothing in this Disclaimer reduces or removes any statutory rights that a consumer has under applicable law.

Where this Disclaimer is used in connection with a consumer contract, it must be read together with our Consumer Terms & Conditions.

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20. BUSINESS CLIENTS

Where services are supplied to a business or professional client, this Disclaimer must be read together with our Business Terms & Conditions and the applicable quotation or order confirmation.

Any expressly agreed verification obligation takes precedence over the general statements in this Disclaimer to the extent of that expressly agreed scope.

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21. COMPLAINTS OR QUESTIONS

If you believe that a translation does not accurately reflect the source material supplied to Korwen, or if you have a question concerning this Disclaimer, contact:

contact@korwen.uk

Please also see our Complaints Procedure.

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22. DATA PROTECTION

Source documents may contain personal or sensitive information.

Korwen handles personal information in accordance with its Privacy Notice and applicable data-protection requirements.

The fact that personal information appears in a document does not mean Korwen has independently verified that information.

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23. CHANGES TO THIS DISCLAIMER

Korwen may update this Disclaimer from time to time to reflect:

• changes in law or regulatory guidance;
• changes to our services;
• changes to professional practice; or
• changes to our business procedures.

The current version will be published on our website and will state its effective date.

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CONTACT

Korwen Ltd
Trading as Korwen

124 City Road
London
Greater London
England
EC1V 2NX
United Kingdom

Company number: 09038909

Email: contact@korwen.uk

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Document Authenticity Disclaimer — Version 12.5
Effective date: 10 August 2026